8/10/2023 0 Comments Greater middle east countries![]() However, unless Erdoğan delivers significant economic improvement, he will probably adopt additional authoritarian measures and challenge the West to divert the public’s attention toward historical, national, and religious matters.Ĭhapter Three reviews Turkey’s aggressive behavior across several theatres in the Greater Middle East, such as Iraq, Syria, the Aegean Sea, and Libya. To implement this policy, Ankara decided upon an ambitious naval procurement program called MILGEM. As a result, the former parts of the Ottoman Empire gained independence and formed modern states. The treaty ended the Turkish War of Independence and turned the Ottoman Empire into the modern state of Turkey, without its former possessions that expanded across the region. Under Erdoğan, Turkey adopted a new naval doctrine called the “Blue Homeland” ( Mavi Vatan), which rejects the status-quo that was established by The Treaty of Lausanne (1923), replacing it with Turkish maritime borders that expand into Greek and Cypriot territory. According to this doctrine, Turkey should sacrifice its immediate short-term interests for the sake of bringing justice (Islamist ideology) to the lands where injustice (the lack of its Islamist ideology) exists by imposing Turkish-Islamic sovereignty or influence. ![]() The reforms in the education system – inserting Islamic content – has probably had the most significant impact on Turkish society.Ĭhapter Two analyzes the ideological foundations of the irredentist Turkish foreign policy – the “Precious Loneliness” doctrine. Erdoğan introduced changes to the judiciary to gain greater control of judicial appointments. The Turkish army, once an important political actor whose task was to defend the secular republic, was progressively subordinated to civilian control. ![]() He successfully eliminated the limited checks and balances on the executive branch and changed the political system from parliamentary to presidential. In parallel, Turkey’s foreign policy distanced itself from the West and became more assertive per its neo-Ottoman impulses.Ĭhapter One of this study reviews the centralization of power in the hands of Erdoğan. Turkey’s current president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the undisputed leader of the AKP, in power since 2002, also developed aspirations to lead the Muslim world. In recent years its society underwent a process of Islamization due to the Justice and Development Party (AKP). Turkey plays a crucial role in the Middle East mainly because of its strategic location, military and economic power, historical role during the Ottoman Empire, and its nearly 82.5 million population (July 2021 CIA World Factbook estimate).
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